Glossar

Num

1,5 Sigma-Shift

The shift of the mean or the results of a process, which is to be expected in the long-term, due to a study by Motorola

A

ANOVA	Acronym for: ANalyze Of VAriances
AQL	Acronym for: Acceptable Quality Level (Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes ISO 2859)

B

Binomial
distribution

Distribution model for discrete data

Black Belt
(BB)

Black Belt is a project manager who is trained in the procedures and techniques to be responsible for the management of an improvement project to undertake and successfully complete.
The training usually takes about 4-5 weeks. A Black Belt is working full time in general larger Six Sigma projects. He is the contact for all technical and project issues to Six Sigma. It also supports the Champions at the site in the identification of projects and their definition. A Six Sigma certification (Certifications) is possible after training => six sigma certifications

C

C&E-Matrix	Acronym for: Cause & Effect-Matrix, This is an extension of the cause-and effect diagram (fishbone or Ishikawa diagram). With the help of the matrix are the potential causes of a problem prioritized
C_i	Confidence Interval
Champion	Champion (Also the project sponsor, client, promoter) is usually a member of middle management and clients for individual Six Sigma projects in companies. The Champion, "power promoter". It is often the process owners (Process Owner) for the process to be improved.
Chi² Distribution	Distribution model, which is used when shares are compared
Control Plan	Summary of activities at the end and get after the completion of a Six Sigma project to the improved status over time. (Eg process and process instructions, SPC, …)
COPQ	Acronym for: Cost of Poor Quality: Describes the additional costs incurred when a product is not the customer requirements (specifications, delivery,.) Met: eg rework, increased storage costs, additional material consumption, additional import, .... (To the COPQ not include the costs incurred, for example, for the normal quality checks.)
Cause-effect diagram	See Ishikawa Diagram
c_p	Acronym for: Capability of Process; Process Capability; At an centered process this value describes the ratio of specification zur "random variation"
c_pk	Acronym for: Capability of Process- Critical (Process capability with Offset) On a not centered process it Describes the ratio of specification to "random variation"
CRM	Acronym for: Customer Relationship Management Maintain and build customer relationships. Own processes and product features focus on client needs
CtQ	Acronym for: Critical-to-Quality-characteristic. Quality criterion which a product must meet in order to meet the needs of the customer. (Critical "Y")

D

Defect	Error (Each "failure of a customer requirement")
DFM	Acronym for: Design For Manufacturability
DFSS	Acronym for: Design For Six Sigma
DMADV	Acronym for: Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify (GE: "Design for Six Sigma") The acronym for the five main phases of the Six Sigma method in DFSS projects: Define (define), Measure (Measure), Analyze (Analyze), Design (process development), Verify (design review).
DMAIC	Acronym for a process improvement system: The letters stand for: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control
DoE	Acronym for: Design of Experiments / / Statistical experimental design An efficient method to study low-cost analysis in a process the relationship between input factors and process factors on the process results. Through the knowledge of the factors may be deliberately targeted for process optimization. A statistically planned experiment can demonstrate the effectiveness of assumptions.
DPMO	Acronym for: Defects Per Million Opportunities
DPU	Acronym for: Defects Per Unit

E

Elevators Pitch	Often, too, "Elevator Speech" is the well-prepared "sales pitch" for your concern. The essentials should be taught in 30 sec.
IPO principle	Acronym for: Input, Processing, Output (the basic format of the electronic data processing)
EVOP	Acronym for: Evolutionary Operations - permanent improvements on the fly using DoE methods

F

Fishbone-Diagram	See Ishikawa-Diagram
FMEA	Acronym for: Failure Mode and Effects Analysis An analytical and systematical method to capture failure modes, their causes and effects to the customer. The assessment is based on the criteria: probability of occurrence, impact and prevention or detection possibilities.
FPY / FTY	Acronym for: First Pass Yield / First Time Yield The percentage of the products or services that the "first attempt" were successful.
FTA	Acronym for: Fault-Tree-Analysis Here, potential incidents can be simulated and tries to analyze their causes. The aim here is a statement about the system with respect to reliability, availability and security obtained. The methodology is expected to damage probabilities. The individual components of the damage the tree are combined using Boolean operators (and, or, not, ...).
F-Test	Acronym for: A statistical test, which is based on the Fischer-distribution. With the help it can be decided on the basis of samples, if two populations differ regarding your distribution. The risk of a wrong decision is limited. The F-test assumes normally distributed data.
Function cost analysis	See Value Analysis

G

Gage R&R	Measurement System Analysis "Repeatability & Reproducibility"
Green Belt (GB)	A project manager for Six Sigma projects, which approximately two weeks has been trained in the DMAIC methodology, analytical problem-solving. A Green Belt works part-time in Six Sigma projects and Six Sigma techniques to apply in his department. He works on projects "smaller" scale and supports Black Belt projects. Green Belts are typically rooted in the line organization

H

Histogram	Graphical method for representing data. Here, the frequency of each value is represented within certain areas. The histogram can draw conclusions about the distribution of the data.
Hyper- geometric distribution	Probability distribution, which compromise the "sampling without" banking "is used.
Hypotheses tests	The procedure to confirm with statistical methods based on sample surveys, one acceptance (hypothesis) or as non-detectable to discard.

I

ICRA	Acronym for: Innovate, Configure, Realize, Attenuate. A Procedure for the "Design for Six Sigma (DFSS). ICRA - Systematic was created especially for "small" companies with little resources.
IDDOV	Acronym for: Identify, Define, Design, Optimize, Verify One of the practices in "Design for Six Sigma" (DFSS)
IDOV	Acronym for: Identify, Design, Optimize, Verify One of the practices in "Design for Six Sigma" (DFSS)
Ishikawa-Diagram	Also "Fishbone" or cause-effect diagram called. It is structured brainstorming tool for determining the root causes of hypotheses. It was named after his "developers," the Japanese: Kaoru Ishikawa.

J

	No Entry

K

Kano-Model	The 70 in the years of the Japanese Noriaki Kano developed procedures for recording and analysis of customer requirements
CIP	Acronym for: Continuous Improvement Process

L


LCL	Acronym for: Lower Control Limit
LEAN	Slim. In the sense that was eliminated when making any "waste".
LEAN-Six Sigma	Combination of the improvement approaches Lean and Six Sigma. Please do not confuse with a "stripped-Six Sigma"
LEAN-Six Sigma Master Black Belt	Responsible for the Lean Six Sigma activities within the company. He also advises Checks and Black Belts. Master Black Belts are full-time positions. The Master Black Belt is "the" process promoter in the company
Leveens-Test	A statistical test can be decided with the help on a test basis, whether two populations differ regarding your distribution. The risk of a wrong decision is limited. The levees test does not require normally distributed data.
Long Term Capability	Long-term process capability. A moment in the stable process is subject to fluctuations in the long run. Therefore, a distinction is made between short-and long-term process capability.
LSL	Acronym for: Lower Specification Level

M

μ	? (pronounced mu) is a letter from the Greek alphabet. It describes the mean of a population.
Master Black Belt (MBB)	In charge of the Six Sigma activities within the company. He also advises Checks and Black Belts. Master Black Belts are full-time positions. The Master Black Belt is "the" process promoter in the company
Median	The average value of a series of numbers
MINITAB	Software for statistical analysis. Minitab is related to Six Sigma projects, the most widely used statistical software.
MSA	Acronym for: Measurement System Analysis It is used to determine the scattering, which occurs during the measurement of properties from the measurement process itself. It allows an assessment of precision and accuracy of measurement methods and clarifies the question of whether the measuring equipment is suitable for the measurement or not.
Mean	The arithmetic means or the average (sum of pay divided by the number of figures)
Multi-Vary-Study	The multi-variance study is a graphical analysis of process data to investigate possible relationships between impact and result sizes. Hereby the disturbances are also gripped .The multi-variance trial are particularly well suited for analysis of historical data.

N

Normal distribution	An occurrence distribution, which continuous data describes. The distribution is: symmetric and bell-shaped. .

O

Occurrence distributions	Models to describe the frequency of individual measurement or count values. In practice you need before proceeding with a mathematical model to show that they are sufficient to describe reality well.
OEE	Acronym for: Overall Equipment Effectiveness It denotes an identification number, which was of the Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance completed. It is a measure of the efficiency of a plant.
Outsourcing

P

Pareto-Diagram	(80/20 rule) Graphical representation of data, with the aim of the measures or issues that have to recognize the greatest potential for improvement.
Poisson distribution	A distribution form to describe rare events (discrete data). Named after the mathematician Siméon Denis Poisson.
Poka-Yoke	Developed by the Japanese: Shigeo Shingo method to errors in the first place can be.
PPM	Acronym for: Parts per Million Measure of impurity or error components. Assuming a process with only a possibility of error, then this process with a level of 6 sigma error only 3.4 parts per million produced (3.4 ppm). at 350 ppm talk meant this, that 350 parts are incorrect by one million produced.
Process	The activities / processes that the combination of people, machines, materials, methods, and their surroundings, an output (here: to create product or service).
Process Map	Process maps describe the flow of a process. It is a step by step description of the processes; including the interfaces for inputs and outputs and the measurement and decision points.

Q

QFD	Acronym for: Quality-Function-Deployment. An approach to transform customer requirements into design features.
Quality	The fulfillment of customer requirements. If the requirements are not met, the deficit is perceived as poor quality.

R

Reorganization	Reorganization of processes and organizations. This is always required if the context has changed.
RPN	Acronym for: Risk Priority Number (Weighted risk in a FMEA). It helps to prioritize the causes. The higher the number, the more critical is the potential error. There is a number for the assessment of each potential error. The RPN is the product of importance x probability of occurrence x detection probability.
RTY	Acronym for: Rolled Throughput Yield. It describes the probability with which a certain output happened a number of measuring points without error. It is produced by multiplying the individual values FTY (First Time Yield) determined for each process step. The key figure: RTY can be made both for quality characteristics as well as for yield calculations.

S

Short Term Capability	Short term process capability: it describes the process capability for viewing a short period (usually 50 values)
Sigma [σ]	σ (pronounced: sigma) is a letter from the Greek alphabet. He describes the standard deviation of a population. It is a measure of the dispersion of population (the population). (In normal distribution: the distance of the turning point of the envelope from the mean)
SIPOC	Acronym for: Supplier-> Input-> Process-> Output-> Customer The SIPOC chart is a graphic representation of a process or system (process visualization on high level)
Six Sigma Method	A Quality niveau of Six Sigma is achieved when the process mean 6 standard deviations away from the specification limits.
SMART	Acronym for: Specific - Measurable - Achievable - Relevant - Time bounded
SPC Statistical Process Control	Statistical process control or control. It is the use of basic statistical and graphical methods for measuring, analyzing and controlling the variation within a process. The evaluation is done in so-called quality control charts.
Statistical distribution	See occurrence distributions

T

TPS	Acronym for: Toyota Production System. It is the basis of all Lean programs.
T-Test	A statistical test, which is based on the student distribution. On the basis of samples can be decided whether two populations differ with respect to your means. The risk of a wrong decision is limited. The T-test assumes normally distributed data.

U

UCL	Acronym for: Upper Control Limit
USL	Acronym for: Upper Specification Level

V

Value analysis	The value analysis (functional cost analysis) is an approach for products or services at cost to detect and eliminate. The method is strictly based on value, respectively, the functions..
Value Stream Design	Method for the preparation and planning of material and information flows across the value chain. Main focus of this method is to reduce the lead time and avoidance of non-value adding work (Non-Value-Add).
Variance (σ², s²)	Square of the scattering: Sigma or ? (? ² s ²)
Variance Analysis	See ANOVA
Variation	Differences between individual measurements. The variation is based on their causes. Variation from ordinary causes (common causes): These variations can not normally be influenced by the operator, but through the various factors within the process. Variation due to specific causes (Special Causes): These systematic variations due to process disturbances, which can be removed by the operator for detection again. With the help of the SPC (Statistical Process Control) can be distinguished by systematic random process variation.
VoC	Acronym for: Voice Of the Customer Voice of the Customer, which reflects the spoken and the unspoken needs and desires of the customer.

W

Weibull distribution	Distribution of forms, of which the failure behavior of products can be described. "Bathtub curve"
Value Analysis	The value analysis (functional cost analysis) is an approach to recognize all of the value or the function of a product or service costs and eliminate unnecessary.

X

Is often used for the description of independent variables. So are the factors in the description of processes that share.

Y

Yellow Belt (YB)	Employees who have been trained about two days in the Six Sigma methodology. He knows the philosophy and approach of Six Sigma. A Yellow Belt is a member of Team Six Sigma projects and supports them with his project work.

Z

	No Entry

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